Manual Testing FAQ

MANUAL TESTING

1. Quality: - It is defined as the conformance to the customer specification.
2. Testing: - A Tester should suppose to identify the defects.
3. White box testing: -Based on knowledge of the internal logic of an application’s code. Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.
4. Test case: - Test case is a description of what to be tested, what data to be given and what actions to be done to check the actual result against the expected result.
5. Black box testing: - Not based on any knowledge of internal design or code. Tests are based on requirements and functionality.
6. Functionality testing: - Testing whether the functionality of the application is working or not and whether all the requirements have covered are not.
7. System testing: - The entire application tested according to the requirements.
8. Sanity testing: - Initial testing conducted on the application to check the proper behavior on the application.
9. Smoke testing: - Initial testing is conducted on over all application to check whether all the functionalities available to conduct detail testing on them.
10. Regression testing: - Retesting the bug after fixing or any modifications or enhancement done to the application and testing whether the existing functionalities are effecting to the privies functionalities or not.
11. Integration testing: - All the modules are integrated together and testing how modules are couple together and communication between the modules.
12. Usability testing: - Checking whether it is user friendliness or not.

1. To check for the look and feel of application.

2. Where the end user can understand and can easily use the application.

13. User acceptance testing: - After all the bugs are fixed we have to test once again to make shore that the application meets the user requirements.
14. Severity: - how much the bug is effecting the application.
15. Priority: - When the bug is to be fixed.
16. Unit testing: - After completion of their reviews, programmer concentration on coding, to physically construct a soft ware. In this level, their will test every program through white box testing.
17. Recovery testing: - It is also known as reliability testing during this test, testing engineers validates that whether our application build change from abnormal state to normal state or not.
18. Compatibility testing: - It is also known as portability testing. During this test, testing engineer validates that whether our application build run on customer expectation platform or not.
19. Configuration testing: -It is also known as hardware compatibility testing. During this test testing engineer validates that whether our application support different technology hardware devises or not.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 

1. What are the entry and exit points in test plan?

A: Entry point of test plan is - that functional description to be tested and required procedure is the exit point.

2. What is the use of “swing time” in Load runner?

A: Elapsed time indicates swing time (to determine the performance of the application under load)

3. What is internationalization?

A: It means that following standards. Ex: ISO/CMM/Six Sigma.

4. What are the different functions in win runner?

A: Analog functions, Context Sensitive functions, Customization functions, Miscellaneous and Standard functions.

5. What are the testings involved in black-box testing?

A: Acceptance testing, stress testing, user-interface, regression, performance, Potential bugs, Bea test, release test, utilities.

6. What is integration testing?

A: A test related to more than one module called Integration testing.

7. What is unit testing?

A: A test at module level is called unit testing.

8. What are the documents prepared for ISO?

A: Quality manual, Quality procedures, work Instructions format.

9. What is the difference between Load & Stress testing?

A:Load testing is used to estimate under incremental load.

Stress testing is used to find bugs when an application working at maximum volumes of resources.

10. What are CMM levels? Explain? Key process areas?( V & III )

A: 5 levels.

11. What is memory leakage?

A: Improper allocations/ de-allocations of memory during execution time.

12. What are external functions?

A: External functions means that a function defined in one test and used in another tests.

13. What are data table functions?

A: ddt_open ( ), ddt_update_from_ db ( ), ddt_save ( ), ddt_get_row_ count ( ), ddt_set_rows ( ), ddt_val ( ), ddt-close ( ).

14. What are the files using in winrunner?

A: Script files, checklist files, expected values files, data table files, GUI map files, start up script files.

15. What is exception handling?

A: To remove run time testing problems, we can use exception handling.

16. What are exceptions in winrunner?

A: TSL, Object, Pop-up and URL.

17. What is GUI map file? Explain?

A: GUI map file consists of ‘logical names’ and ‘physical descriptions’ of objects &

Windows, which are recognized for each object/window during recording and

running.

18. What are the add-ins in winrunner?

A: Web test, Activex, Power builder and visual basic.

19. What is visual recorder in Load runner?

A: Virtual User Generator (VUGen) is Visual Recorder in Load Runner.

20. What is Rendezvous point?

A: During the execution of Load Test, Rendezvous points control Vusers. It stops execution of each Vuser for further execution until remaining Vusers reach the point.

21. How is restore an application?

A: Resetting current application paths.

22. What is recovery testing?

A: Recovery means that how you’re shifting from failure state to normal state. To test its procedure we can use Recovery test.

23. What are the types of check points?

A: GUI, Bitmap, Database and Test check points

24. How to open GUI map file?

A: Using GUI map editor.

25. How can it be known when to stop testing?

A: When existing test cases show any application change (called mutation).

26. What are the parameters in Load runner?

A: Elapsed, Transaction, Response, Hit per second and Throughput.

27. How do you read test from an application?

A: Get text and Select text for (for web)

28. How can you map custom classes to standard classes?

A: By using Virtual Object Wizard.

29. What is soft ware testing?

A: Verification and Validation of an Application.

30. Why you need a test plan? What is test plan?

A: Test plan specified process and scheduling of an application.

31. What is big bang testing? Or informal testing?

`A: It means that a testing on total system.

32. What is formal testing?

A: Formal (or Incremental) means ‘until testing’.

33. What is mutation testing?

A: Small changes identified by 12existing test cases.

34. What is regression testing?

A: Regression means that execution of test cases on new version of application/ modified version.

35. What is stress, security testing?

A: Security testing means that the testing of an application depends on Authorization and encryption/decryption cases.

36. What is test case?

A: Test case is a small issue to test functionality.

37. What is the diff between function and iterative model?

A: Test cases are derived from functionality.

38. Contents of Test plan?

A: Test team, Test scheduling, Test factors, Approach, Functionality list of Test case.

39. Difference between water fall model and iterative model?

A: Waterfall is a single thread processes where as Iterative is multiple thread process.

40. Where to use private and public functions in script?

A: Private functions are only applied on current Test and public functions applied anywhere.

41. What is system testing?

A: A Test at system level.

42. What are the major bugs you find in the in the application you have tested?

A: Load test errors.

43. What are the minor bugs you find in the in the application you have tested?

A: User interface errors.

44. What is the life cycle of bug reporting?

A: Bug detection => fixing the bug => bug reproducing => report creation =>

Bug submission.

45. On what basis the test plan is prepared?

A: Test manager develops Test plan based on development plan (SRS and FRS).

46. What you will do after preparing test cases?

A: Test procedure preparation after selection of test case.

47. What is the formula used in white box testing?

A: In white box testing, tester concentrates on what is requirement of program and what is the functionality of the program.

48. When test cases will be prepared, after coding or before coding?

A: Test cases are prepared at design level.

49. What are the documents you have in testing environment?

A: Testing policy, Testing strategy, Testing methodology, Test plan, Test cases, Test scenarios, Test procedures, Test scripts, Logs and Bug reports.

50. What makes a good soft ware quality assurance engineer?

A: QA engineer produce suggestions to tester to increase the strength of the testing process.

51. What is testing life cycle? What is bug tracking life cycle?

A: Life cycle means testing at all development stages.

52. What if the soft ware has so many bugs, it can not really be tested?

A: Be bugging (not debugging) is a process to estimate defects before testing.

53. How does a Client / Server environment effect testing?

A: In client/server (C/S) testing, testers follows these steps:

1. Assess Readiness (Integration of C/S process)
2. Assess key process
3. Perform testing.

54. How can WWW be tested?

A: To test web applications, testers follow these steps:

1. Select Web based risks
2. Select Web based tests
3. Select Web based tools
4. Perform tests.

55. What is soft ware quality assurance?

A: QA shows, customer satisfaction of application, including features and flaws.

56. Can you tell me why does soft ware have bugs?

A: Different members at different levels develop soft ware applications.

57. What are verification & validation & walkthrough?

A: Verification: - To check application based on corresponding development documents.

Validation: - To check whether the application functionality equals to customer’s expectation.

58. What are 5 common problems in soft ware development process?

A: 

1. Poor requirements
2. Improper scheduling
3. Testing with wrong criteria
4. .
5. Miscommunication.

59. What is soft ware quality?

A: Customer satisfaction including no. of features/flaws.

60. Will automated testing tools make testing easier?

A: Automated testing decreases complexity in testing, when applications consists of :

1. More external interfaces
2. Type of external interfaces
3. No of releases
4. Maturity on application etc.

61. What are the silk test tools to manage execute and interprets your scripts?

A: In silk testing, we can follow below test process:

1. Plan inclusion
2. Recapturing
3. Recording(script)
4. Run the script
5. Analyze defects
6. Manual report.

62. What is smoke testing? Out time editor, the result processor, the debugger?

A: A test case with wrong criteria. It specified indication of bug.

63. How do you set the parameters when test the Client /Server application?

A: In C/S Load testing, we can depend on elapsed transaction and response times.

64. What is recovery system? Can you give some functions that override some of the default behavior?

A: Default script enter, Default script exit.

65. Why silk test sees objects as custom windows?

A: Silk test sees each object as user-defined. Because this tool used for java application testing.

66. Can you test an application in silk test that is running on another system?

A: YES.

67. Can you test multiple different applications simultaneously?

A: Yes. We can concentrate on more test cases simultaneously because each application test has different test cases.

68. What is spawn statement? Why it is used?

A: To maintain delay, during execution time for synchronization.

Spawn (time in seconds).

69. What is application state and base state and call state?

A: Application state : Is the situation in application

Base state : Is the starting state of application

Call state : Is the state of application 

70. What is difference between winrunner and silk test?

A: Test procedure Vs. Object oriented script; Different process Vs. Single threaded.

71. How winrunner does identify GUI objects?

A: Logical names and physical descriptions.

72. How do you program tests with TSL?

A: A program, test using TSL at “exe” level.

73. What TL_STEP function used?

A: To insert user defined error message in test log.

74. What is the difference b/w pause ( );, message ( );?

A: pause ( ) – used to display a message with termination of process.

Report_msg ( )-used to give message in test results table.

75. What is batch test?

A: Execution of more than one tests simultaneously.

76. What is DON in silk?

A: In silk test, silk agent is don, it displays at status bar.

77. What is the base class for all the classes in Silk test?

A: In silk test, Application name is base class to all classes in scripting.

78. What is the use of style bits in Custom class in silk?

A: The class of object in verifies window is called style of custom class.

79. What is extension in silk?

A: It is the extension of test case, .pln for test plan.

80. What .inc file consists in silk?

A: .Inc is the extension of test frame.

81. How do you create a user defined class in silk?

A: It allows user defined classes in script.

82. What are agents in silk?

A: Capturing agents, recording and running agents.

83. How do you refer your test case in .t file through Test plan?

A: .pln is extension of test plan and it specifies .t as test case.

84. Will TSL supports function overloading &operator overloading?

A: TSL allows function overloading, but not operator overloading.

85. If you purchase software, what test you perform?

A: Purchased software is called off-the-shelf software. To test this application, we can perform functionality testing.

86. Did you use user defined TSL in your project?

A: YES.

87. How many functions you write in your project?

A: Depends on requirement, to define more then one user-defined functions.

88. What are key features the Bug tracking data base must offer?

A: Bug tracking database provide test doc, retrieving and maintenance.

89. Write a program in TSL to get data from data table and feed them your edited fields in the application?

A: Data driven test (ddt)

90. What is negative testing?

A: A test with Fail criteria.

91. What is change management process?

A: Change management process is used to verify the configuration of the existing application, which is in maintenance stage.

92. What is configuration management process?

A: Configuration management process is used to verify the configuration of the existing application performance changes.

93. What is version control?

A: Maturity in new version compare to the previous version.

94. What is defect tracking?

95. What is security testing?

A: Whether this application follows correct authorization of Encrypt and Descript procedure or not.

96. What is good code?

A: More functionality with less statements and meets customer requirements.

97. What is digital signature test?

A: By bit map testing.

98. What is sort testing?

A: Used to test sorting tech in your application.

99. What is memory leakage testing?

A: Stress testing identifies memory leakages.

100. What is data driven automation?

A: To run existing test case with different input values, we can use Data driven test-driven test.

101. What is compatibility testing?

A: When application server on different platforms or Internet.

102. What is defect deficiency? If A is the no. of bugs found in Alpha test, B is the no. of bugs found in Beta test, what n?

A: Defect deficiency/defect removal efficiency is defined by the formula.

A / (A+B) where A: No. of bugs in previous test.

  B: No. of bugs in present test.

103. How will you choose a tool in test automation? How will you find the tools work will with your existing system?

A: To select a tool, we can depend on:

1. Scripting style of tool
2. Scripting up dating
3. Reusability of scripting
4. Readability of scripting
5. Batch.

104. How can data caching have a negative effect in Load testing results?

A: In Load testing, we will get negative results when no available large memory areas and not clear items from buffer.

105. What are the benefits of creating multiple actions within any virtual user scripts?

A: We can use more than on operator actions to estimate performance of each operation through single test.

106. How do you scope, organize and execute your project?

A: According to standards and customer requirements.

107. What sort of thongs would you put down in your bug report?

A: Bug severity/priority or main factors to list out defects.

108. Should we test every possible combination/ scenario for a program?

A: Tester tries to test all possible test cases for application.

109. What metrics you feel important to publish in organization?

A: In an organization, we can use LOC (luer of code) related and functional point related metrics.

110. What is your worst experience in project?

A: Finding bugs, reproducing bugs is important in bug tracking, but all bugs are not reproducible.

111. What is your experience in code analyzers?

A: Pseudo code analyzers are used to estimate the logic of program without execution.

112. How did you involve in bug fix cycle between developer and QA?

A: Tester working as middle position in between QA and developer with bug tracking stages.

113. How do you know your code has met specification when there are no specifications?

A: A tester identifies the functionality of program depends on specifications. If there is no specification then he/she

1. Can depends on estimated functionality by self (acts as customer)
2. Previous version and
3. Direct communication with customer.

114. What type of documents would you need for QA/QC/Testing?

A: Testing policy =>strategy =>methodology=> ………. Etc.

115. How you participated in integration testing?

A: Participate in integration testing with compound test cases of modules.

116. How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?

A: Testers prepare test cases related to all functional items to ensure 100% of testing coverage.

117. What are basic and core practices for a QA specialist?

A: QA Analyst identifies all functional items and gives possible cases to test.

118. What are basic elements in defect report?

A: Defect report consists of:

1. Program to be tested
2. Tester name
3. Date and time
4. Severity
5. Summary
6. Reason (optional)
7. Priority
8. Assigned to etc…..

119. How do you prioritize testing task with in a project?

A: Depends on the severity the priority sill be decided depends on the functionality of the test case.

120. Do you know of metrics that help you in estimate the size of the testing efforts?

A: We can use benchmark testing to develop metrics.

121. Discuss economics of automation and role of metrics in testing?

A: Economics of automation depends on no. of external interfaces, types of interface and maturity in application.

122. What methodologies do you need to develop test cases?

A: To develop test cases, we can use functionality list and standards of the organization.

123. Difference between test strategy and test plan?

A: Test strategy specifies the mapping between the factors and development stages. Test plan specifies actual process and schedule of testing of that project.

124. If you do stress testing? What conclusions can you arrival?

A: Correctness of application. When you run an application at the maximum values of resources.

125. What is difference between CMM and CMMI?

A: CMM/Integrated.

126. What is compilation define w.r.t. Load runner?

A: Load runner point of view, compilation means that the Vuser script consists of correct syntaxes and semantics.

127. What is Defect life cycle?

A: Defect life cycle helps in handling defects efficiently. This Defect life cycle will help the users to know the status of the defect.

128. What is equivalence partitioning?

A: Equivalence partitioning is used to combine same type of test cases related to single functionality/ feature/module.

129. What type of scripting techniques for test automation do you know?

A: C-oriented TSL, VB-oriented SQA suite and Java-oriented silk test.

130. What criteria would you used to select web transactions for Load testing?

A: Web server related criteria Ex: e-bussiness Vuser type in Load runner.

131. Explain some techniques for developing s/w components w.r.t testability?

A: V-model.

132. Describe components of a typical test plan such as tools for interactive products and database products as will as cause and effect graphs and data flow diagrams?

A: Depends on DGD testers imagine an approach to test a factor.

133. When have you had to focus on data integrity?

A: In integrating testing we can concentrate on data integrity.

134. How to import a DLL file in TSL Script?

A: By compiled module concept, logical DLLs.

135. How to write virtual API scripts in Test Director?

A: Test director provides a facility of launching option connected to functional testing tool, which creates test script.

136. What is requirement phase testing?

A: Walk through, Reviews and Inspections.

137. What is Design phase testing?

A: Reviews, Inspections and Prototypes.

138. What is Program phase testing?

A: White box testing/structural.

139. What is back-end testing? How to do?

A: Data base testing is called back end-testing.

140. Why you are following Water-fall model?

A: There is no time and cost restrictions, we can choose waterfall model to develop an application.

141. When to use iterative model, Spiral model, RAD model?

142. What are the different bug-tracking tools?

A: Test Director, Test manager etc.

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